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Naveen Patnaik (; born 16 October 1946) is an Indian politician and writer, who is currently Leader of Opposition in Odisha Legislative Assembly. He served as the 14th Chief Minister of Odisha from 5 March 2000 to 12 June 2024.

He is the founding chairperson of the Biju Janata Dal, serving since 1997, and has represented the Hinjili Assembly constituency since 2000. He also served as the Union Minister of Steel and Mines from 1998 to 2000 and as a member of the from Aska from 1997 to 2000.

Early life
Patnaik was born on 16 October 1946 in an aristocratic Karan family to , former Chief Minister of Odisha, and his wife, Gyan Devi.

He was educated at the Welham Boys' School in , The Lawrence School, Sanawar and later The Doon School. At Doon, he was a classmate of and three years junior to , who later became prime minister of India.

After school, he went to the Kirori Mal College of , and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree.

Political career
After the death of his father , leader of the , he was elected as a member to the 11th in the by-election from Parliamentary Constituency in , India. He was a member of the Consultative Committee of Ministry of Steel & Mines, Member of Standing Committee on Commerce, and Member Library Committee of Parliament.

In December 1997, Naveen split from the and founded the Biju Janata Dal, named after . The new party went into alliance with the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance for 1998 election. The alliance performed well winning 16 out of 21 seats and Naveen Patnaik was selected as the Union Minister for Mines in the cabinet of Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

Chief Minister of Odisha
In the 2000 Assembly election, BJD won the majority of seats in alliance with the BJP in the Odisha Assembly elections, Patnaik resigned from the Union cabinet and was sworn in as the Chief Minister of . He took office on the 84th birth anniversary of his father.

BJP led NDA lost the general elections in 2004, however, the coalition led by Naveen Patnaik emerged victorious in the state legislative elections and he continued as the Chief Minister. During this tenure, the friction between the ruling partners was getting more and more apparent, especially after the killing of Swami Laxmanananda Saraswati in the district of in 2007–2008 and also the active participation of Bajrang Dal in the riots that hit Kandhamal region.

In the run-up to the polls for the and Legislative Assembly of Odisha elections in 2009, BJD walked out of the NDA after severing ties with the BJP and joined the nascent Third Front constituted mainly by the Left Front and few regional parties. He did it after severely criticizing BJP's involvement in Kandhamal anti-Christian riots during 2008. The BJD won a resounding victory in both the (State Assembly) as well as the elections in 2009, winning 14 out of 21 seats and 103 of the 147 assembly seats and was sworn in as the Chief Minister of on 21 May 2009 for the third consecutive term.

Patnaik won a huge victory in both the 2014 Indian general elections and the Legislative Assembly of Odisha elections in 2014. Patnaik's Biju Janata Dal secured 20 out of the 21 seats of and 117 of the 147 Odisha Vidhan Sabha seats.

In spite of a strong BJP wave across the country, the Biju Janata Dal, under the leadership of Naveen Patnaik won as many as 112 seats out of 146 (polls for 1 was deferred) in the Legislative Assembly of Odisha and 12 out of 21 seats in 2019 Indian general elections.

His 24-year tenure is the second longest for a chief minister of any Indian state, after Pawan Kumar Chamling of .

Odisha Leader of Opposition
The Biju Janata Dal was voted out of power in the 2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election as the party managed to win 51 seats in Legislative Assembly of Odisha, thus ending Patnaik's 24-year rule in Odisha. Patnaik was himself defeated in Kantabanji constituency by 16,344 votes, marking his first electoral defeat. However, he did win the Hinjili seat with a reduced margin compared to previous elections. In Lok Sabha elections, the BJD, for the first time, failed to win any of the seats it contested.

Ministry Details
1Vajpayee IIMinistry of Steel &
Ministry of Mines & Minerals		19 March 199813 October 1999Aska
2Vajpayee IIIMinistry of Mines & Minerals13 October 19994 March 2000
3Naveen IChief MinisterChief Minister Office5 March 200015 May 2004Hinjili
4Naveen IIChief MinisterChief Minister Office16 May 200421 May 2009
5Naveen IIIChief MinisterChief Minister Office22 May 200920 May 2014
6Naveen IVChief MinisterChief Minister Office21 May 201428 May 2019
7Naveen VChief MinisterChief Minister Office29 May 201911 June 2024
8Leader of Opposition, Odisha Legislative Assembly19 June 2024Incumbent

Electoral history
Odisha Legislative Assembly
Hinjili66,45946.85Sisir Mishra61,82343.59 4,6363.26
Hinjili94,06566.32Pitambar Acharya33,90523.91 60,16042.41

Lok Sabha

Criticisms
Patnaik spent most of his early days away from , so he had problems with writing and speaking fluently in the . He was the only of who did not speak fluently the , and because of this, he faced severe criticism from his opponents. During his tenure, Patnaik had an adequate working knowledge of , and he possessed great mastery over , , , and . At rallies, he delivered speeches written in the .

Personal life
Patnaik is a writer and had spent most of his youth away from both politics and Odisha. However, after his father ’s demise, he entered politics in 1997 and founded the Biju Janata Dal, named after his . His mild manner and policies made his party hugely popular in the . For Naveen, politics is a way to complete father's agenda . Indianexpress.com (10 May 1997). Retrieved 25 December 2010. He is also one of the founding members of the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage. His elder sister was the writer , who died in 2023.

Accolades
Lifetime Achievement Award2022N. V. RamanaCapital Foundation National Awards
Hero to Animals Award2020PETA,
CSI E-Ratna Award2020Computer Society of India53rd CSI Annual Convention
FIH President's Award2018International Hockey Federation46th FIH Congress
Ideal Chief Minister20188th Indian Students' Parliament
Best Administrator in India2017Outlook India Speak Out Awards 2017
United Nations Award2013 Odisha State Secretariat

Recognitions
  • In 2013, the felicitated Naveen by presenting a citation for his government's handling of . The body also announced that the state's efforts would be highlighted as a model for disaster management programs globally. Naveen was also invited by the international body to attend the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in 2015, which was held in , from 14 to 18 March 2015.
  • In 2019, the complimented Naveen for his government's proposal to reserve 33% of seats for women in the National Parliament as well as in the state's Legislative Assembly.

Writings
  • – Published in , England and US
    (1985). 9780385199926, Doubleday Religious Publishing Group. .
  • A Desert Kingdom: The People of Bikaner – Published in , England and US
    (1990). 9780865651227, Vendome Press. .
  • The Garden of Life: An Introduction to the Healing Plants of India – Published in , England and US
    (1993). 9780385424691, Doubleday. .

See also
  • List of chief ministers of Odisha
  • List of longest-serving Indian chief ministers
  • List of prime ministers of India
  • List of presidents of India

External links

: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
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